Problem Solving Process Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving Process Essay 1. Define the problem This is often where people struggle. They react to what they think the problem is. Instead, seek to understand more about why you think theres a problem. Define the problem: (with input from yourself and others). Ask yourself and others, the following questions: 1.What can you see that causes you to think theres a problem? 2.Where is it happening? 3.How is it happening? 4.When is it happening? 5.With whom is it happening? (HINT: Dont jump to Who is causing the problem? When were stressed, blaming is often one of our first reactions. To be an effective manager, you need to address issues more than people.) 6.Why is it happening? 7.Write down a five-sentence description of the problem in terms of The following should be happening, but isnt or The following is happening and should be: As much as possible, be specific in your description, including what is happening, where, how, with whom and why. (It may be helpful at this point to use a variety of research methods. Defining complex problems: If the problem still seems overwhelming, break it down by repeating steps 1-7 until you have descriptions of several related problems. Verifying your understanding of the problems: It helps a great deal to verify your problem analysis for conferring with a peer or someone else. Prioritize the problems: If you discover that you are looking at several related problems, then prioritize which ones you should address first. Note the difference between important and urgent problems. Often, what we consider to be important problems to consider are really just urgent problems. Important problems deserve more attention. For example, if youre continually answering urgent phone calls, then youve probably got a more important problem and thats to design a system that screens and prioritizes your phone calls. Understand your role in the problem: Your role in the problem can greatly influence how you perceive the role of others. For example, if youre very stressed out, itll probably look like others are, too, or, you may resort too quickly to blaming and reprimanding others. Or, you are feel very guilty about your role in the problem, you may ignore the accountabilities of others. 2. Look at potential causes for the problem †¢Its amazing how much you dont know about what you dont know. Therefore, in this phase, its critical to get input from other people who notice the problem and who are effected by it. †¢Its often useful to collect input from other individuals one at a time (at least at first). Otherwise, people tend to be inhibited about offering their impressions of the real causes of problems. †¢Write down what your opinions and what youve heard from others. †¢Regarding what you think might be performance problems associated with an employee, its often useful to seek advice from a peer or your supervisor in order to verify your impression of the problem. †¢Write down a description of the cause of the problem and in terms of what is happening, where, when, how, with whom and why. 3. Identify alternatives for approaches to resolve the problem At this point, its useful to keep others involved (unless youre facing a personal and/or employee performance problem). Brainstorm for solutions to the problem. Very simply put, brainstorming is collecting as many ideas as possible, then screening them to find the best idea. Its critical when collecting the ideas to not pass any judgment on the ideas just write them down as you hear them. (A wonderful set of skills used to identify the underlying cause of issues is Systems Thinking.) 4. Select an approach to resolve the problem †¢When selecting the best approach, consider: †¢Which approach is the most likely to solve the problem for the long term? †¢Which approach is the most realistic to accomplish for now? Do you have the resources? Are they affordable? Do you have enough time to implement the approach? †¢What is the extent of risk associated with each alternative? (The nature of this step, in particular, in the problem solving process is why problem solving and decision making are highly integrated.) 5. Plan the implementation of the best alternative (this is your action plan) 1.Carefully consider What will the situation look like when the problem is solved? 2.What steps should be taken to implement the best alternative to solving the problem? What systems or processes should be changed in your organization, for example, a new policy or procedure? Dont resort to solutions where someone is just going to try harder. 3.How will you know if the steps are being followed or not? (these are your indicators of the success of your plan) 4.What resources will you need in terms of people, money and facilities? 5.How much time will you need to implement the solution? Write a schedule that includes the start and stop times, and when you expect to see certain indicators of success. 6.Who will primarily be responsible for ensuring implementation of the plan? 7.Write down the answers to the above questions and consider this as your action plan. 8.Communicate the plan to those who will involved in implementing it and, at least, to your immediate supervisor. (An important aspect of this step in the problem-solving process is continually observation and feedback.) 6. Monitor implementation of the plan Monitor the indicators of success: 1.Are you seeing what you would expect from the indicators? 2.Will the plan be done according to schedule? 3.If the plan is not being followed as expected, then consider: Was the plan realistic? Are there sufficient resources to accomplish the plan on schedule? Should more priority be placed on various aspects of the plan? Should the plan be changed? 7. Verify if the problem has been resolved or not One of the best ways to verify if a problem has been solved or not is to resume normal operations in the organization. Still, you should consider: 1.What changes should be made to avoid this type of problem in the future? Consider changes to policies and procedures, training, etc. 2.Lastly, consider What did you learn from this problem solving? Consider new knowledge, understanding and/or skills. 3.Consider writing a brief memo that highlights the success of the problem solving effort, and what you learned as a result. Share it with your supervisor, peers and subordinates.

Brave New World Essay -- essays papers

Brave New World Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World is a fictitious story about a future utopian society where people are mass-produced in laboratories. People have no emotions in this world where drugs and promiscuous sex are greatly encouraged. People are given labels according to their pre-natal intelligence assignment. These different classes all have specific roles within society and nobody is unhappy with their place. The Brave New World he was a fictitious story that sets up a symbolic mirror to our world that shows the reader what our world is slowly evolving to. As young children, the utopians are conditioned to practice certain rituals, to later benefit society as a whole through the stability that these practices bring. One of the acts that the children are taught to do is begin to experiment sexually at a very young age. This will prevent sexual anxiety in their adult years. Sexual play is greatly encouraged to the point that a special time is set for children to experience an erotic play. â€Å"In the garden it was playtime. Naked in the warm June sunshine, six or seven hundred little boys and girls were running† (Huxley 30). As they grow older, sexual promiscuity becomes a requirement among the adults. In order for them to keep a stable society, the utopians cannot risk strong emotions among its people, if it is allowed people will be preoccupied with emotion thus leading to under production. The attitudes of the utopians support ideas of no monogamy. As one character said, â€Å"You ought to be careful. It’s such horribly bad form to go on and on like this with one man† (Huxley 41). Huxley commented on his story’s relevance to the current time (Huxley’s book was published in 1932), with resp... ...eality that allow a person to be happy when they’re down, Prozac is just one of many drugs with this purpose. Prozac is advertised as something that can solve any and all everyday blues. Many people in the world use Prozac in order to make them happy and to take away their problems, just the same way the people of Brave New World do with soma. Through out this story, Huxley uses the practices these people do as an example to show modern day readers by mirroring what our society could become if we’re not careful. Huxley uses these comparisons to show that the Brave New World could happen. He writes about this also in his forward, â€Å"All things considered it looks as though Utopia were far closer to us than anyone, only fifteen years ago, could have imagined.† Bibliography: Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1932.

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Abstraction–The purpose of this work is simplify the irrigation system utilizing cellular telephone. It is a radio control system for exchanging on/off of H2O pump by which a husbandman can easy command the irrigation of his field from any location. In rural country, changelesselectricity fluctuation and irregular power handiness are day-to-day jobs faced by many husbandmans for a long clip. To rectify such type of job, we developed a radio irrigation system. Farmer merely demands to name a fixed figure and so he can supervise the irrigation system easy. So this system will alleviate the adversities of husbandmans by replacing the manual control of H2O pump with the radio automatic control. Keywords—DTMF decipherer, Wireless control, Irrigation system, Mobile phone, Relay I. Introduction There have been drastic socio-economic developments in the life of both rural and urban people since the debut of nomadic phones in India. With latest promotions in engineering and mass production of nomadic phones in the market, they have been used in every walk of life which includes mechanization work. The agribusiness industry is no manner behind in including these technological promotions [ 1 ] . With the approval of modern engineering, the crude method of agricultural plants is now altering and advanced methods are being introduced in it. Again the human head ever demands information of involvement to command systems of his/her pick. In the age of electronic systems it is of import to be able to command and get information from everyplace [ 2 ] . So this system allows us to upgrade the irrigation system with the aid of modern engineering. Using this system, the husbandman can command the irrigation from any topographic point. So he can provide the proper sum of H2O in his field. As a consequence, the production of his harvests will be much better. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM Previously, husbandmans were dependent to the rain H2O. Now with the progress in agricultural system, they supply H2O with the H2O pump in their field. But as electricity crisis is a common matter, frequent power failures is major hinderance for irrigation. Again their field is far from their abode sometimes. So it becomes hard to supervising the irrigation system ever. So we have developed a radio irrigation system which is controlled by an electronic device based on DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) engineering. By this, the husbandman can command the H2O pump through nomadic phone. When he sends any signal in the device, it responses with the bid. It switches on/off the H2O pump harmonizing to the input by the husbandman. DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) :DTMF is a generic communicating term for touch tone ( a Registered Trademark of AT & A ; T ) . The tones produced when dialing on the computer keyboard on the phone could be used to stand for the figures, and a separate tone is used for each figure. However, there is ever a opportunity that a random sound will be on the same frequence which will trip up the system. It was suggested that if two tones were used to represent a figure, the likeliness of a false signal occurring is ruled out. This is the footing of utilizing double tone in DTMF communicating. DTMF dialing uses a computer keyboard with 12 buttons. Each key pressed on the phone generates two tone of specific frequences, so a voice or a random signal can non copy the tones. One tone is generated from a high frequence group of tones and the other from low frequence group [ 2 ] . The frequences generated on pressing different phone keys are shown in the Table 1. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Key Frequency ( Hz ) 1 697 1209 1906 2 697 1337 2034 3 697 1477 2174 4 770 1209 1979 5 770 1337 2107 6 770 1477 2247 7 852 1209 2061 8 852 1337 2189 9 852 1477 2329 0 941 1209 2150 * 941 1337 2278 # 941 1477 2418 Table 1: Frequency generated on cardinal imperativeness. Fig. 1: Hardware of the proposed device The developed device for the irrigation system consists of some constituents such as DTMF IC, micro-controller, relay etc. In this undertaking, we have used DTMF decipherer IC ( MT8870 ) to bring forth the frequence. The relay operates the motor of H2O pump harmonizing to the bid given on the Mobile. III. WORKING PROTOTYPE The system works through DTMF engineering. Here, we have to utilize two nomadic phone, one should be kept with the device and another will be operated by the husbandman. Farmer merely have to call to another Mobile and imperativeness the predefined key to run the H2O pump. Fig. 2: Use in existent life When the husbandman makes a call to another phone, the operation starts with it. Then he presses the denoted button on his phone. It creates tones which is transferred to the other phone and received by the DTMF decipherer circuit. Then it filters the signal and gives the end product. There are four end products which are denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Each button generates different tone and the end product are besides created harmonizing to the tone. The end product is given below in table 2. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 697 1209 0 0 0 1 2 697 1336 0 0 1 0 3 697 1477 0 0 1 1 4 770 1209 0 1 0 0 5 770 1336 0 1 0 1 6 770 1477 0 1 1 0 7 852 1209 0 1 1 1 8 852 1336 1 0 0 0 9 852 1477 1 0 0 1 0 941 1209 1 0 1 0 * 941 1336 1 0 1 1 # 941 1477 1 1 0 0 Table 2: End product for different keys So we have to choose which button we want to utilize to run. Then that matching end product is sent to the micro-controller. After that, micro-controller will direct the pulsation to relay. Now relay will drive the motor. In this manner, the husbandman can easy run his operation system. The block diagram of this working process is given in figure 3. Fig. 3: Block diagram of working process IV. RESULTS & A ; DISCUSSIONS As this device aids to command the motor of H2O pump wirelessly, so it will assist to salvage the ingestion of power. Again we don’t have to be present to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So no more manual control will be. As we can provide the H2O in the field seasonably with the aid of this device, so the production will be much bigger and the husbandman will be benefited. The device is based on relay which can run really high H2O pumps. Again the cost of this device is really low. So that is rather low-cost for the husbandman. The husbandman can command the H2O supply to his field from any topographic point of the universe by merely pressing a button on his Mobile phone which is great for nonreader husbandmans. So with the execution of this undertaking, we can easy decrease many troubles in our agricultural system. V. CONCLUSION This proposed system provides an option to decrease the work of irrigation with the aid of nomadic engineering. It helps non merely to command the irrigation system but besides saves their clip needed to go to their field in order to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So there needs none to supervise the irrigation system instead timely irrigation can be easy ensured. So the production cost will lees than old which will be good for the husbandman. At-last we will promote the husbandmans to utilize this engineering for bettering their irrigation system to do maximal net income as good as to cut down the hard-work in monitoring H2O pump. Mentions [ 1 ] . V.Divya, A.Umamakeswari, â€Å"SMART IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE USING VOCAL COMMANDS† , International Journal of Engineering and Technology ( IJET ) , ISSN: 0975-4024, Vol 5 No. 1 Feb-Mar 2013. [ 2 ] . Tuljappa M Ladwa, Sanjay M Ladwa, R Sudharshan Kaarthik, Alok Ranjan Dhara, Nayan Dalei, â€Å"Control of Remote Domestic System Using DTMF â€Å" , ICICI-BME 2009 Bandung, Indonesia, page 69-74. [ 3 ] . EswaraRao Pandiripalli, Phani Ram Veeramachaneni, SambhaniMadhu Babu, Jafar Sadik, â€Å" INTERACTIVE IRRIGATION SYSTEM THROUGH MOBILE WITH IVR RESPONSE â€Å" , IJRET, Sep 2012, ISSN: 2319 – 1163, Vol No.1, page 36-40.

What Role Does Reason Play In Determining The Content Of

What Role Does Reason Play in Determining the Content of Morality Immanuel Kant and David Hume diverge in their ideas about the nature of morality and do not see eye to eye on how to determine whether or not an action is morally permissible. Kant holds that practical reason alone can be used to determine whether or not a line of behavior is moral, whereas Hume believes that reason is inconsequential to morality and that the way to determine whether an action is moral is to examine the sentiments that it provokes within us. Despite these differences in Kant and Hume’s theories of moral philosophy, adherents of the two philosophers, nevertheless, for the most part agree on the contents of morality. However, though the moral rules that†¦show more content†¦For Kant, in order to determine the morality of a particular behavior it is necessary to be able to appraise that behavior rationally—free of emotional coercion. According to his Universal Law Formulation (ULF) a moral act is one that we can rationally will that others carry out as well. By the same token, to behave in a way that is immoral is to conduct oneself in such a manner that we cannot rationally will that others comport themselves in. What Kant’s reliance on reason as the ultimate determinant of morality means is that the moral rules constructed by Kantians are steadfast and unwavering. Granted it is admittedly possible for some Kantians to say that the moral rules generated from Kant’s philosophy are able to accommodate extenuating circumstances, Kant’s insistence on putting practical reason over empirical factors means that the ULF will either pass or fail a maxim consistently, regardless of circumstances. It follows from Kant’s argument that all beings endowed with rational faculties will be able to use either the ULF or the Formula of Humanity to derive the same moral rules, regardless of the particular state of affairs they are faced with. Of course, it is certainly possible for an individual, say Shelly Kagan, to use the ULF to pass a maxim that say something like â€Å"Shelly Kagan can kill whoever he wants, whenever he feels like it,† such maxims, however, abuse the ULF by bringing in circumstantial factors—the name Shelly Kagan for instance is aShow MoreRelatedReseach Proposal-Consumer Behaviour to Change in Packaging Design of Fmcg1367 Words   |  6 Pagespurchase and may therefore play an important role in predicting consumer outcomes. Packages also deliver brand identification and label information like usage instructions, contents, and list of ingredients or raw materials, warnings for use and directives for care of product. 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